How bullying can affect you

Bullying of any kind can deeply affect your confidence, self-esteem and have a negative effect on your mental health. Cyberbullying and digital abuse can feel relentless as the online world never sleeps and anything posted on the web can reach high volumes of people in a short space of time.

Examples include:

  • Sending abusive or threatening messages
  • Spreading lies or posting embarrassing photos
  • Impersonating someone online
  • Posting hurtful comments or starting hate pages
  • Excluding someone from online groups on purpose

Types of online bullying

There are many different types of online bullying and, for some, it can take shape in a number of ways, both online or via apps. Some types of cyberbullying are:

Denigration

When a person posts information online that is untrue and damaging about another. This could include sharing photos (including altered photos) of someone to purposely shame, spread false rumours and humiliate that person.

Impersonation

When someone hacks into another’s social network or email account, pretending to be them to send embarrassing or nasty messages to others. Bullies sometimes also set up fake profiles of others online with the same aim.

Flaming

When a person uses extreme opinions and abusive language to get into online arguments on purpose. They enjoy seeing people’s reactions to their comments and they like when it causes distress to others.

Harassment

Sending offensive, insulting and abusive messages to another person. This could include vicious, offensive comments on online posts, in chat rooms or on gaming sites.

Cyberstalking

Repeatedly sending messages to make someone afraid for their safety, including threats of harm. Depending on their actions, their activity may be illegal.

Tricking/outing

The act of sharing personal information about another, or tricking someone into revealing secrets and getting them to share images and videos. They then send the information, images and videos to others with the aim of shaming and embarrassing the person.

Exclusion

Intentionally leaving a person out of something online which can include group messages on apps and gaming sites.

Why cyberbullying can be so damaging

The emotional effects of cyberbullying can be devastating. Many people suffer in silence, unsure of how to deal with it or who to turn to. Because it’s online, the abuse can spread quickly, be seen by a wide audience, and feel impossible to erase.

Emotional and mental health effects can include:

  • Anxiety or depression
  • Social withdrawal
  • Low self-esteem
  • Sleep problems
  • Self-harm or suicidal thoughts

Even after the bullying stops, the emotional scars can last a long time. That’s why speaking out and getting support is so important.

Spot the signs of cyberbullying

Many people hide the fact that they’re being bullied online, but there are signs to look out for in yourself or someone else.

Possible indicators:

  • Sudden changes in mood or behaviour after being online
  • Secrecy about digital activity
  • Avoiding school, work, or social settings
  • Losing interest in hobbies or friends
  • Difficulty sleeping or eating
  • Quickly deleting social media posts or accounts

If something feels off, it’s always worth gently asking if they’re okay.

What to do if you’re being cyberbullied

You’re not powerless, there are steps you can take to protect yourself and stop the abuse.

Steps to take:

  1. Don’t respond or retaliate – engaging often fuels the bully.
  2. Document the abuse – screenshot messages, save URLs, and record dates.
  3. Block or mute – stop seeing harmful messages.
  4. Report abuse – most platforms have ways to report harmful content.
  5. Tell someone you trust – a friend, parent, teacher, or manager.
  6. Seek help – whether emotional, legal, or professional, support is available.

You deserve to feel safe online. No one should have to deal with this alone.

Is cyberbullying illegal in the UK?

Yes. Some forms of online abuse are against the law. Depending on the situation, cyberbullying could be classed as harassment, stalking, threatening behaviour, or even hate crime.

Relevant laws may include:

  • The Malicious Communications Act 1988
  • The Communications Act 2003
  • Protection from Harassment Act 1997
  • Equality Act 2010 (if the bullying is discriminatory)

If you're receiving threats or feel unsafe, contact the police. Keep all evidence and make a report.

Help someone else being bullied online

If you witness cyberbullying:

  • Show support, send a kind message
  • Report the post/content
  • Avoid sharing harmful material
  • Encourage them to get help

Cyberbullying FAQs

Is blocking someone enough to stop cyberbullying?

Blocking can help, but you should also report abuse and talk to someone you trust.

Can I be bullied at work online?

Yes, cyberbullying happens in professional environments too, through emails, messaging apps, or social posts. It’s never acceptable.

Can I get fired for reporting it?

You have the right to report bullying safely. Employers have a duty of care to protect your wellbeing.

What platforms are most affected by cyberbullying?

Cyberbullying can happen anywhere online, but it's most common on:

  • Social media (Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, Facebook)
  • Messaging apps (WhatsApp, Discord)
  • Gaming platforms (Xbox Live, PlayStation Network, Twitch)
  • School or work-related platforms (Teams, Zoom, Slack)
Can I get someone removed from a platform for bullying?

Yes, most platforms have strict anti-bullying rules. If you report harmful content and provide evidence (screenshots, usernames, timestamps), they may remove the account or posts involved.

How long does cyberbullying typically last?

It varies, some cases are short-lived while others can continue for weeks or months, especially if not reported or addressed early. The sooner action is taken, the easier it is to stop.

Will employers take cyberbullying seriously?

Yes, they should. Workplaces are required to address harassment under the Equality Act 2010 and Health and Safety at Work Act.

Is blocking someone enough to stop cyberbullying?

Blocking is often a helpful first step, but not always enough. Reporting the behaviour, collecting evidence, and getting support are also key steps.

What if I accidentally took part in cyberbullying?

It’s never too late to do the right thing. Apologise if appropriate, delete harmful content, and consider how your actions may have impacted others. Speak to someone you trust or a support organisation if you feel overwhelmed.

How can I stay safe online?
  • Use strong, private passwords
  • Set your social media accounts to private
  • Only accept messages from people you know
  • Report anything that makes you uncomfortable
  • Log out of shared devices

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